Dr. Ferdinand Llanes, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Commissioner, National Historical Commission of the Philippines

Dr. Llanes, in this article, analyzes the role of the ilustrados as propagandistas and deportados, as well as the role of the “Calamba Period” in transforming the propagandists’ aims from reform to revolution.

Read the article by clicking on this link: Propagandista and Deportado: Return to the Motherland, ca. 1888-1892